Basic
properties of electric charges
Quantisation
of electric charge:
The fundamental unit
of electric charge (e) is the charge carried by the electron and its unit is coulomb.
E has the magnitude 1.6* 10-19 C
In
nature, the electric charge of any system is always an integral multiple of the
least amount of charge. It means that the quantity can take only one of the
discrete set of values. The charge, q=ne where n is an integer
Conservation
of electric charge:
Electric
charges can neither be created nor destroyed. According to the law of
conservation of electric charges, the total charge in an isolated system always
remains constant. But the charges can be transferred from one part of the
system to another, such that the total charge always remains conserved. For
example, Uranium(92 U 238) can decay by emitting an alpha
particle(2He4 nucleus) and transforming to thorium (90 Th 234)
92U238
--------------> 90Th234 + 2He4
Total charge before decay= +92e, total charge after decay = 90e =2e.
Hence, the total charge is conserved. i.e. it remains constant.
Additive
nature of charge:
The total electric charge
of a system is equal to the algebraic sum of electric charges located in the
system. For example, if two charged bodies of charge +2q, -5q are brought in
contact, the total charge of the system is -3q
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